Sugarbeet

Main Pests of Sugarbeet

·        Key Insects in Egpyt

·        Insects

·        Diseases

·        Nematodes

·        Weeds

·        Using Cassida as defoliage

·        Relative Toxicities of Pesticides

Key Insects in Egypt

• The tortoise beetles, Cassida vittata    More information
• Beet Fly , Pegomya mixta   More information
• Sugarbeet moth , Scrobipalpa (=Phthorimaea) ocellatella  More information
• Beet  weevil , Lixus junci  More information

Insects

1. Agrotis exclamationis Heart & dart moth
2. Agrotis ipsilon, the dark sword-grass moth
3. Agrotis segetum,the caterpillars of the turnip moth
4. Atomaria linearis the pygmy mangold beetle
5. Autographa (=Plusia) gamma Silver-Y moth
6. Autographa gamma The silver y moth
7. Beet Webworm 1
8. Calocoris norvegicus (Gmelin) (Het., Miridae) ,the potato capsid, may also cause minor damage to the leaves
9. Cassida nebulosa L. and Cassida nobilis (L.) (Col., Chrysomelidae) The tortoise beetles
10.  Hulstia undulatella (Clemens) , Sugarbeet Crown Borer ,
11. Cutworms,  the dark-sided Euxoa messoria and the red-backed Euxoa ochrogaster 1 2
12. (Deroceras reticulatum).Chaetocnema tibialis (Illiger) (Col., Chrysomelidae) the field slug attacks the cotyledons.
13. Euxoa nigricans the garden dart moth , eat the roots at the beginning of their development
14. Flea Beetles (Coleoptera chrysomelidae) , Flea Beetles Various, including Potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris 1 2 3
15. Garden Symphylan Scutigerella immaculata
16. Lygus Bugs Lygus spp.
17. White Grubs
18. Crown Borer Hulstia undulatel
19. Grasshopper  the two-striped grasshopper Melanoplus bivittatus, differential grasshopper Melanoplus differentialis, red-legged grasshopper Melanoplusfemur-rubrum and the grasshopper species Melanop/us packardii. 1
20. Loxostege (=Pyrausta) sticticalis Beet webworm Webworms  , Alfalfa webworm: Loxostege cereralis and Garden webworm: Achyra rantalis
21. Mamestra oleracea the tomato moth
22. Melolontha melolontha , the larvae of the cockchafer eat the roots at the beginning of their development.
23. Pegomyia betae  ,the mangold fly eat the leaves 1
24. Root Maggot , Tetanops myopaeformis (Roder) 1 2 3
25. Scrobipalpa (=Phthorimaea) ocellatella Sugarbeet moth 1
26. Spodoptera exigua Beet or Lesser armyworm
27. White Grubs , Phyllophaga spp.
28. Wireworms  Limonius californicus  (Mannerheim), Sugarbeet Wireworm.
29. Beet weevil Conorrhynchus mendicus Gyllenhal
30. Beet carrion beetle , Aclypea opaca L.
31. Armyworms  1
32. Beet Leafhopper
33. Empoasca Leafhoppers 1
34. False Celery Moth
35. Grasshoppers Scientific name: Melanoplus spp.
36.  Maggots Scientific names: Seedcorn maggot: Delia platura and Sugarbeet root maggot: Tetanops myopaeformis
37. Leafminers Scientific name: Liriomyza huidobrensis 1
38. Saltmarsh Caterpillar Scientific name: Estigmene acrea
39. Spider Mites Scientific names: Twospotted spider mite: Tetranychus urticae and Carmine spider mite: Tetranychus cinnabarinus
40. Whiteflies  Scientific names:  Silverleaf whitefly: Bemisia argentifolii and Sweetpotato whitefly: Bemisia tabaci
41. Wireworms Scientific names: Agriotes spp. and Limonius spp. 1
42. Weevils Beet leaf weevil , (Tanymecus palliatus) , Black weevil , (Lixus junci) ,Grey weevil , (Bothynoderes Punciventris) and Sand weevil , (Philioedon Plagiatus)
43. Pygmy beetle (Automaria linaris)
44. Leather jackets (Tipula spp)
45. Caterpillars  Beet Webworm ,(Margaritia Sticticalis) and Beet Army Worm ,(Spodoptera Exigua)
46. Mites Tetranychus spp.
47. Aphids are particularly damaging because they may transmit a serious virus disease: yellowing  (BMYV, BYV).

         The aphids involved are primarily :

a)       Aphids - General Considerations

b)        Cowpea aphid: Aphis craccivora

c)        Cotton (melon) aphid: Aphis gossypii

d)       Potato aphid: Macrosiphum euphorbiae

e)       Bird cherry-oat aphid: Rhopalosiphum padi

f)        The peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae) or Green Peach Aphid Scientific name:     Myzus persicae

g)       The black bean aphid (Aphis fabae). 1 2

h)       Loopers Alfalfa Looper, Autographa californica

i)          Sugarbeet Root Aphid Scientific name: Pemphigus populivenae (betae) Fitch 1

** Biological control of aphids

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Diseases

1. Sugarbeet Powdery Mildew is caused by the fungus, Erysiphe polygoni (formerly Erysiphe betae). 1 2
2. Downy mildew Casual organism: Fungus Peronospora farinose1
3. Fusarium Yellows of Sugarbeet  is caused by the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Betae
4. Cercospora Leafspot of Sugarbeets is caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola 1 2 3 4

5.        Comparison of Cercospora and Bacterial Leaf Spots of Sugarbeet

6.        Seedling Diseases, Root Rot, and Rhizomania on Sugarbeet 

7.        Aphanomyces Aphanomyces cochlioides

8.        Black leg Casual organism: several fungi: Phoma betae; Pythium spp ;
Aphanomyceas cochlioides; Rhizoctonia solani

9.        Aphid-borne Viruses

10.     Alternaria leaf spot Casual organism: Alternaria alternate

11.     Ramularia leaf spot Casual organism: Fungus Ramularia beticola

12.     Rust Casual organism: Fungus Uromyces betae

13.     Bacterial Vascular Necrosis and Rot (Erwinia Root Rot) Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum

14.     Rhizoctonia root rot Casual organism: Fungus Rhizoctonia solani1

15.     Fungal root diseases Casual organism: Fusarium oxysporum ,Verticillium Albe-atrum , Sclerotium rolfsii , Rhizoctonia violacea

16.     Rhizomania

17.     Other virus diseases : Beet curly top virus BCTV , Beet yellow virus BYV and Beet mosaic virus BMV.

18. Curly Top 1
19. Erwinia Soft Rot
20. Phytophthora and Pythium Root Rots 
21. Rhizoctonia Root and Crown Rot
22. Rhizomania 1 
23. Rhizopus Root Rot 
24. Sclerotium Root Rot
25. Seedling Diseases  1
26. Whitefly-borne Viruses

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Nematodes

• Nematodes
• Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne spp. Stubby-Root Nematode, Trichodorus spp.
• Heterodera schachtii ,the beet cyst nematode deforms the roots and causes wilting of the plant.

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Weeds

• Sugarbeet Weed Photo Gallery, with Common and Scientific Names 
• Integrated Weed Management
• Special Weed Problems 
• Susceptibility of Weeds to Herbicide Control

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Using Cassida as defoliage

 Cassida azurea Fab. Defoliating Beetle.

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Relative Toxicities of Pesticides

  Relative Toxicities of Pesticides Used in Sugarbeet to Natural Enemies and Honey Bees

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